Fatwa of the Indonesian Council of Ulama (MUI) Number 11 of 2012 on the Status of Children Born Out of Wedlock: An Analysis of Maqasid Al-Shari’ah Using Jasser Auda's System Approach
Abstract
This research examines the status of children born out of wedlock under Fatwa No. 11 of 2012 issued by the Indonesian Council of Ulama (MUI) and analyzes it through the lens of Maqasid Shariah using Jasser Auda’s system approach. Employing a qualitative method with descriptive analysis and a philosophical approach to Islamic law, the study focuses on ensuring the welfare and rights of children born out of wedlock. It highlights the importance of scholars' cognitive construction, such as Ibn Taimiyyah’s views, and the integration of arguments to prevent methodological reductionism. Emphasis is placed on protecting these children in line with Maqasid Shariah principles, including the use of modern tools like DNA testing to adapt Islamic law to contemporary needs. A multidimensional approach involving knowledge, psychology, and legality is essential to safeguard their rights. The hierarchical framework in Maqasid Shariah supports the recognition of biological fathers to ensure the child’s welfare and universal justice. The study argues that MUI Fatwa No. 11 should reflect Maqasid Shariah’s holistic and dynamic principles to align Islamic law with social changes. It asserts that reconstructing the lineage of children born out of wedlock is intended to affirm their inherent dignity (fitrah) as equal to other children, without endorsing adultery or undermining the institution of marriage in Islam. Ultimately, this approach seeks to uphold social justice and universal welfare.
Downloads
References
Abdullah, M. Amin. Membumikan Hukum Islam Melalui Maqasid Syari’ah. PT Mizan Pustaka, 2008.
al-Bakri, Al-‘Allamah ‘Abu Bakr Utsman bin Muhammad Syata al-Dimyathi. I’anatu al-Thalibin Juz 2, n.d.
Al-Jawziyyah, Imam Ibn Qayyim. Mukhtasar Zaad Al-Maad, n.d.
Al-Zuhaili, Wahbah. “Ahkam Al-Aulad al-Natijin ’an al-Zina,” n.d.
Amrin, Amirulah. “Contemporary Legal Istimbat: Study on the Theory of Changes in Fatwa According to Yusuf Qardhawi.” Journal of Islamic Law 5, no. 1 (2022): 17–28.
Andika, Andika. “Agama Dan Perkembangan Teknologi Di Era Modern.” Abrahamic Religions: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama 2, no. 2 (2022): 129.
Anisa, Lina Nur. “Kedudukan Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia Terhadap Hukum Positif Indonesia,” 2017, 76–87.
Aqraminas, Dayu. “Kontribusi Jasser Auda Dalam Kajian Al-Qur’an: Interpretasi Berbasis Sistem.” Ushuluna: Jurnal Ilmu Ushuluddin 1, no. 2 (2020): 125–44.
Asnawi, Habib Shulton. “Politik Hukum Putusan MK No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 Tentang Status Anak Di Luar Nikah: Upaya Membongkar Positivisme Hukum Menuju Perlindungan HAM.” Jurnal Konstitusi 10, no. 2 (2016): 239.
Bangsa-Bangsa, Majelis Umum Perserikatan. “Konvensi Hak-Hak Anak,” 1989.
Dermawan, Reza. “Hubungan Kewajiban Nafkah Anak Dengan Pertalian Nasab (Analisis Tentang Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Hidup Anak Zina Dalam Fatwa MUI Nomor 11 Tahun 2012),” 2019.
Ferdiansyah, H. “Pemikiran Hukum Islam Jasser Auda.” Repository.Uinjkt.Ac.Id, 2017.
Ferdiansyah, Hengki. Pemikiran Hukum Islam Jasser Auda. Yayasan Pengkajian Hadits el-Bukhori, 2018.
Fitriyah, Budi Parnomo, and Rahmatul Hidayati. “Putusan MK No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 Tentang Status Anak Di Luar Nikah Dan Fatwa MUI No. 11 Tahun 2012 Dalam Perspektif Maqashid Syari’ah Al-Khamsah.” Jurnal Mercatoria 16, no. 1 (2023): 51–62.
Gumanti, Retna. “Jurnal Al-Himayah.” Maqasid Al-Syariah Menurut Jasser Auda (Pendekatan Sistem Dalam Hukum Islam) 2 nomor 1 (2018): 97–118.
Hamzawi, M. Adib. “Qawa’id Usuliyyah & Qawa’id Fi ( Melacak Konstruksi Metodologi Istinbath al-Ahkam ).” Inovatif: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan, Agama Dan Kebudayaan 2, no. 2 (2016): 91--111.
Hayat, Aay Siti Raohatul. “Impelementasi Pemeliharaan Jiwa (Hifz Al-Nafs) Pada Pengasuhan Anak Berbasis Keluarga.” FOKUS Jurnal Kajian Keislaman Dan Kemasyarakatan 5, no. 2 (December 2020): 151.
Ida Martinelli. “Status Hukum Anak Luar Kawin Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 46/Puu-Viii/2010.” DE LEGA LATA: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 1, no. 2 (2016): 308–28.
Kementrian Agama, Republik Indonesia. “Index @ Quran.Kemenag.Go.Id,” 2023.
Kumaidi, Muhammad, and Evi Febriani. “Implementasi Kaidahla Yunkiru Tagayyur Al-Ahkam Bitagayyur Al-Azman Wa Al-Ahwal Dalam Ibadah Di Masa Pandemi.” ASAS Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi Syari’ah 12, no. 1 (2020): 65–81.
Kusmayanti, Hazar, and Agus Mulya Karsona. “Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Diluar Perkawinan Bagi Tenaga Kerja Wanita Di Kabupaten Cianjur.” Ajudikasi : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 4, no. 1 (2020): 39–54.
Kusnadi, Didi. “Pemikiran Hukum Islam Klasik Dan Modern: Karakteristik, Metode, Pengembangan, Dan Keberlakuannya.” Asy-Syari‘ah, 2014.
Ma’arif, Toha. Kedudukan Anak Di Luar Nikah Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam Progresif Yang Relevansinya Dengan Pembaruan Hukum Keluarga Di …, 2023.
Mabruri, M. Nasikhul Umam Al. Rekonstruksi Nasab Anak Zina Perspektif Jasser Auda. Tesis, 2018.
Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia. “Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 46/PUU-VIII/2010,” 2010, 1–45.
Majelis Ulama Indonesia. “Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia Nomor: 11 Tahun 2012 Tentang Kedudukan Anak Hasil Zina Dan Perlakuan Terhadapnya,” 2012.
Mashuri, Ilham. “Pendekatan Sistem Dalam Teori Hukum Islam (Perspektif Jasser Auda).” FITRAH:Jurnal Kajian Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman 5, no. 1 (2020): 11–28.
Maulidi. “Maqasid Syariah as the Philosophy of Islamic Law: A Systematic Approach According to Jasser Auda.” Journal Al-Mazahib 3, no. 1 (2015): 1–19.
Muhammad Ridwan, Syarif Abdullah. Al-Muwaththa’ Imam Malik Jilid 2, n.d.
Murtadlo, Muhammad Ali. “Analisis Maqasid Syariah Jasser Auda Terhadap Counter Legal Draft Kompilasi Hukum Islam.” Al-Syakhsiyyah: Journal of Law & Family Studies 3, no. 2 (2021): 1–24.
Muthmainnah. “Analisis Konsep Diri Anak Di Luar Nikah Kecamatan Tubo Sendana Kabupaten Majene.” Ushuluddin, Adab, Dan Dakwah 3, no. 1 (2019): 18–23.
Nawawi, M Anwar, Habib Shulton Asnawi, Ani Mardiantari, M. Muslih, and Hervin Yoki Pradikta. “Analisis Multidisipliner (Fikih Klasik, Maqasyid As-Syari’ah Dan HAM) Dalam Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Tentang Status Perdata Anak Di Luar Perkawinan.” MORALITY: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 8, no. 2 (2022): 141.
Nurhayati N, . “Analisa Hukum Islam Terhadap Pendapat Ibnu Taimiyyah Mengenai Penasaban Anak Zina Kepada Ayah Biologis” 26, no. 1 (2019).
Pratomo, Hilmy. “Peran Teori Maqasid Asy-Syari’Ah Kontemporer Dalam Pengembangan Sistem Penafsiran Al-Qur’an.” Jurnal Ilmiah Al-Mu’ashirah 16, no. 1 (2019): 92. https://doi.org/10.22373/jim.v16i1.5744.
Ridwan, Muannif. “Ijtihad Pada Era Kontemporer (Konteks Pemikiran Islam Dalam Fiqih Dan Maqashid al-Syariah).” Jurnal Masohi 1, no. 2 (2020): 110.
“Shahih Bukhari 1912,” n.d.
“Shahih Ibnu Hibban 133,” n.d.
Subaki, A. “Perluasan Makna Ḥifẓ An-Nasl Menurut Muhammad Aṭ-Ṭāhir Bin Asyur Dan Korelasinya Dengan Konsep Ketahanan Keluarga,” 2023.
Susilo, Edi. “Penyelesaian Problem Hukum Melalui Pendekatan Maqasid Syari’ah.” Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan 7, no. 2 (2020): 809–20.
Sutisna, MA Dr. Neneng Hasanah, M.E. Sy Arlinta Prasetian Dewi, MEI Ikhwan Nugraha, Ekarina Katmas, MA. Hk Dr. Ali Mutakin, MH Nurhadi, S.Sos.I., MH Dr. Suparnyo, ME Dr. Kamarudin Arsyad, and M.A Andi Triyawan. “Panorama Maqoshid Syari’ah,” 2021, 177.
Syaifullah, Muhammad. “Pendekatan Sistem Terhadap Hukum Islam Perspektif Jasser Auda.” Jurnal Mahkamah: Kajian Ilmu Hukum Dan Hukum Islam 3, no. 2 (2018): 219–38.
Syu’aid, Kholil. “Metode Istidlal Imam Fakhr Al-Din Al-Razi: Refleksi Pemikirannya Dalam Kitab al-Mahshul Fi ‘Ilm Ushul al-Fiqh.” Potensia: Jurnal Kependidikan Islam, n.d.
Utami, Iftitah. “Eksistensi Tes Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid Dalam Menentukan Nasab” 14, no. 2 (2016): 143–60.
Wati, Lisna. “Analisis Terhadap Fatwa MUI No. 11 Tahun 2012 Tentang Kedudukan Anak Hasil Zina Dan Perlakuan Terhadapnya.” Skripsi, no. 11 (2016): 1–72.
Wulandari, Riri. “Status Nasab Anak Di Luar Nikah Perspektif Mazhab Hanafi Dan Mazhab Syafi’I Dan Implikasi Terhadap Hak - Hak Anak.” Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 6(11), 951–952., 2018, 10–27.
