Negotiating Children’s Identity and Rights in Minangkabau–Javanese Interethnic Marriages: Insights from Customary Leaders in Lubuk Kilangan
Abstract
This research examines the position of children from mixed marriages between Minangkabau and Javanese ethnicities in Lubuk Kilangan Sub-district, Padang City, based on the viewpoint of customary stakeholders. Problems arise due to differences in kinship systems: Minangkabau adheres to a matrilineal system, while Java is bilateral. This difference affects children's identity, inheritance rights and involvement in adat. The method used is qualitative ethnography with a participatory observation approach, in-depth interviews with traditional leaders, and document studies. The results show that maternal lineage is the main factor in determining the position of children. Children of Minangkabau mothers are traditionally recognized, have rights to high pusako, and are involved in traditional activities. In contrast, children of Javanese mothers are considered “nan indak basuku” (not tribal) and do not have customary inheritance rights, even though the father is Minang. The status of the child is determined through customary deliberation by the customary leader. However, the division of property from the family business can be done based on the principles of Islamic law. The research reveals the tension between inclusive national legal principles and strict customary rules, as well as the family's efforts to adjust to customary forms of exclusion. The research recommends adjustments to civil registration policies, improved cross-cultural communication and an evaluation of the role of customary stakeholders to ensure children's rights in a multicultural society.
Downloads
References
Ahmad, Agil. “Perkawinan Menurut Hukum Adat Minangkabau.” OSF, December 28, 2021. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/r3a8e.
Ahmad, Ajisril. Kedudukan anak dalam keluarga hasil perkawinan antara etnis Minangkabau dan Jawa di Kecamatan Lubuk Kilangan menurut pemangku adat, March 17, 2025. KUA Lubuk Kilangan.
Aini, Welsa, Septian Alya Hustrida, Silvina Noviyanti, and Faizal Chan. “Analisis Budaya Dalam Tradisi Perkawinan Di Adat Minangkabau.” Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research 4, no. 3 (May 13, 2024): 2844–51. https://doi.org/10.31004/innovative.v4i3.10771.
Amin, Ibnu. “Implementasi Hukum Islam Dalam Falsafah Adat Basandi Syarak, Syarak Basandi Kitabullah Di Minangkabau.” IJTIHAD 38, no. 2 (December 31, 2022). https://journals.fasya.uinib.org/index.php/ijtihad/article/view/140.
Anita, Nurul, and Nugroho Trisnu Brata. “Makna Budaya Bajapuik dalam Pernikahan Etnis Minangkabau di Kota Pariaman Sumatra Barat.” Aceh Anthropological Journal 7, no. 2 (October 31, 2023): 255–73. https://doi.org/10.29103/aaj.v7i2.12718.
Asria Rangkuti, Erfina Nur, and Fatmariza Fatmariza. “Karakter Anak pada Perkawinan Campuran Suku Minangkabau dan Batak di Kelurahan Tanjung Buntung.” Journal of Civic Education 3, no. 4 (December 14, 2020): 421–29. https://doi.org/10.24036/jce.v3i4.391.
Basa, Bahar Datuk Nagari. Tambo dan silsilah adat Minangkabau. Eleonora, 1966.
Elfira, Lisa, and Delfi Eliza. “Analisis Information Book Pengenalan Budaya Minangkabau Untuk Anak Usia Dini.” Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini 7, no. 4 (August 29, 2023): 4662–72. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v7i4.5028.
Fauza, Norma. “Keistimewaan Wanita Minangkabau dalam Karya Seni Lukis ‘Alua Tataruang Patah Tigo, Samuik Tapijak Indak Mati.’” INVENSI 8, no. 2 (December 1, 2023): 148–63. https://doi.org/10.24821/invensi.v8i2.8280.
Fini, Novita. “Perkawinan Campuran ( Amalgamasi) etnis Jawa dan Minangkabau ( studi kasus jorong sungai duo nagari luak kapau alam pau duo kabupaten solok selatan).” Diploma, Universitas Andalas, 2018. http://scholar.unand.ac.id/38302/.
Gayatri, Satya, Okta Firmansyah, and Dyani Prades Pratiwi. “Teaching Islamic Values through Traditional Stories.” Diksi 31, no. 1 (March 31, 2023): 86–97. https://doi.org/10.21831/diksi.v31i1.59288.
Hamka. Adat Minangkabau menghadapi revolusi. Firma Tekad, 1963.
Harahap, Ikhwanuddin. Perkawinan adat suku Batak dengan Minangkabau: model integrasi budaya. Bogor: ByPass, 2023. https://repo.uinsyahada.ac.id/1158/.
Haron, Mohamad Sabri bin. “Harta Dalam Konsepsi Adat Minangkabau.” 2018.
Hermawan, Iwan. Metodologi Penelitian Pendidikan ( Kualitatif, Kuantitatif dan Mixed Method ). Hidayatul Quran, 2019.Jamal, Ridwan. “Kewarisan Bilateral Antara Ahli Waris Yang Berbeda Agama Dalam Hukum Perdata Dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam.” Jurnal Ilmiah Al-Syir’ah 14, no. 1 (September 13, 2016). https://doi.org/10.30984/as.v14i1.312.
Lubis, Faisal Habib. “Pemulihan Trauma Pada Anak Korban Bencana Dalam Perspektif Islam (Studi Kasus Bencana Gunung Sinabung Di Desa Guru Kinayan, Kecamatan Payung, Kabupaten Karo, Sumatera Utara).” AL-IRSYAD 11, no. 2 (December 20, 2021): 166. https://doi.org/10.30829/al-irsyad.v11i2.9587.
Lubis, Rika Febri Anti, and Rabiatul Abawiyah. “Pewarisan Harta Di Minangkabau Dalam Perspektif Kompilasi Hukum Islam.” Al Qadhi 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): 166–79. https://doi.org/10.62214/jaq.v1i2.144.
Malik, Rahman. “Ikatan Kekerabatan Etnis Minangkabau dalam Melestarikan Nilai Budaya Minangkabau di Perantauan sebagai Wujud Warga NKRI.” Jurnal Analisa Sosiologi, Ikatan Kekerabatan Etnis Minangkabau dalam Melestarikan Nilai Budaya Minangkabau di Perantauan sebagai Wujud Warga NKRI, 2 (2016).
Martin, James. Antonio Gramsci: Marxism, Philosophy and Politics. Taylor & Francis, 2002.
Muhardinata, Imam. Pembagian Warisan Masyarakat Muslim Minangkabau: Studi Kasus Di Percut Sei Tuan. Deepublish, 2020.
Murniwati, Rahmi. “Eksistensi Peradilan Adat Dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Di Sumatera Barat.” Unes Journal of Swara Justisia 7, no. 3 (October 21, 2023): 1116–24. https://doi.org/10.31933/ujsj.v7i3.417.
Nanda, Serena, and Richard L. Warms. Cultural Anthropology. SAGE Publications, 2019.
Nugroho, Irzak Yuliardy, Mufidah Ch, and Suwandi. “Pluralisme Hukum Dalam Tradisi Perkawinan Sasuku Pada Masyarakat Minang.” Al-Manhaj: Journal of Indonesian Islamic Family Law 4, no. 1 (April 13, 2022): 25–41. https://doi.org/10.19105/al-manhaj.v4i1.5722.
Nurana, Zulyani Hidayah, and Syamsidar. Undang-Undang Adat Minangkabau. Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan, 1992.
Nurhotma, Nurhotma, Junaidi Indrawadi, Fatmariza Fatmariza, and Ideal Putra. “Kedudukan Anak Dalam Perkawinan Campuran Suku Minangkabau Dan Suku Tapanuli Di Kenagarian Bahagia Padang Gelugur.” Journal of Civic Education 5, no. 3 (August 24, 2022): 301–9. https://doi.org/10.24036/jce.v5i3.724.
Pitt, Martyn. “A Tale of Two Gladiators: ‘Reading’ Entrepreneurs as Texts.” ResearchGate. Accessed May 11, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1177/017084069801900302.
Poespasari, Ellyne Dwi. “Kedudukan Anak Luar Kawin Dalam Pewarisan Ditinjau Dari Sistem Hukum Kekerabatan Adat.” Perspektif: Kajian Masalah Hukum dan Pembangunan 19, no. 3 (September 29, 2014): 212–22.
Pratama, Angga Dimas, and Wiwiek Wahyuningsih. “Tinjauan Yuridis Status Anak Yang Lahir Dari Perkawinan Campuran Antara Warga Negara Asing (WNA) Dengan Warga Negara Indonesia (WNI).” Private Law 3, no. 1 (February 2, 2023): 213–21. https://doi.org/10.29303/prlw.v3i1.2204.
Rosalia, Popy. “Perkawinan Campuran (Amalgamasi) Antara Etnis Minangkabau Dengan Etnis Jawa Studi Kasus Di Kenagarian Vii Koto Talago Kecamatan Guguak Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota” 7 (2020).
Rozalin, Irlia. “Pembagian Harta Warisan Dalam Masyarakat Minangkabau Di Kecamatan Medan Area Kelurahan Tegal Sari Iii Kota Medan Irlia Rozalin,” n.d.
Samiran, Fahmil, Elfiani Elfiani, Dahyul Daipon, Rahmiati Rahmiati, and Hendri Hendri. “Values behind Osong Kapali Ceremony: Sociocultural Review of Indigenous and Religious Tradition.” El Harakah: Jurnal Budaya Islam 24, no. 2 (November 19, 2022): 263–81. https://doi.org/10.18860/eh.v24i2.17338.
Sandora, Lisna. “Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Dalam Tradisi Batagak Pangulu Di Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota.” Khazanah: Jurnal Sejarah Dan Kebudayaan Islam 11, no. 1 (November 19, 2021). https://doi.org/10.15548/khazanah.v11i1.519.
Sandra, Annysa Kurnia, Cut Sarha Airlangga, Muhammad Hafiz, Nurul Fadila, and Puan Maharani. “Kedekatan Anak Dan Ibu Dalam Suku Minangkabau: Sebuah Studi Psikologi Indigenous.” CAUSALITA : Journal of Psychology 1, no. 2 (September 26, 2023): 26–33. https://doi.org/10.62260/causalita.v1i2.10.
Saputra, ridho Tri Kurniawan. “Pelaksanaan Perkawinan Campuran Adat Antara Suku Bangsa Minangkabau Dengan Suku Bangsa DiluarMinangkabau ( Studi Kasus Kelurahan Puhun Tembok, Kecamatan Mandianngin Koto Selayan, Kota Bukittinggi).” Universitas Islam Riau Pekanbaru, 2020.
Sarah, Huma. “Pelaksanaan Pembagian Harta Warisan Berdasarkan Hukum Adat Pada Masyarakat Suku Minangkabau di Kota Matsum II Medan.” Thesis, Universitas Medan Area, 2020. https://repositori.uma.ac.id/handle/123456789/12240.
Sari, Ayuthia Mayang, Syeilendra Syeilendra, and Hengki Armez Hidayat. “Jejak Falsafah Alam Takambang Jadi Guru Dalam Repertoar Musik Tradisional Minangkabau.” Satwika : Kajian Ilmu Budaya Dan Perubahan Sosial 7, no. 1 (April 13, 2023): 143–52. https://doi.org/10.22219/satwika.v7i1.25242.
Sarosa, Samiaji. Analisis Data Penelitian Kualitatif. PT Kanisius, n.d.
Semiawan, Conny R. Metode Penelitian Kualitatif. Grasindo, n.d.
Setiawan, Muhamad Rizky, Hairul Amri, and Mohd Yunus. “Analisis Hukum Islam Terhadap Sanksi Adat Perkawinan Sesuku Di Masyarakat Minangkabau | Journal of Sharia and Law.” Journal of Sharia and Law 2, no. 2 (April 2, 2023): 470–84.
Siallagan, Deasy Gita Amelia, Siti Komariah, and Mirna Nur Alia Abdullah. “Peran Anak Dalam Konstruksi Sosial Budaya Suku Batak.” Kaganga:Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah Dan Riset Sosial Humaniora 6, no. 2 (August 12, 2023): 331–42. https://doi.org/10.31539/kaganga.v6i2.6831.
Siregar, Esli Zuraidah, and Ali Amran. “Gender Dan Sistem Kekerabatan Matrilinial.” Jurnal Kajian Gender Dan Anak 2, no. 2 (January 14, 2020): 133–46. https://doi.org/10.24952/gender.v2i2.2173.
Soeroso, Andreas. Sosiologi 1. Yudhistira Ghalia Indonesia, 1972.
Suhaimar, LIsa, and Dewi, Susi Fitria. “Akulturasi Budaya Pada Perkawinan Etnis Mandailing Dan Minangkabau Di Nagari Sontang.” Journal of Civic Education Volume 1 no. 2 (2018): 116.
Sundari, Ulfa. “Sistem Pewarisan Dalam Perkawinan Antara Suku Batak Dan Suku Minangkabau (Studi Di Kota Medan).” Accessed November 30, 2023. https://repositori.usu.ac.id/password-login.
Surherni, Surherni. “Naskah Lakon Sabai Nan Aluih Karya Tulis Sutan Sati: Fenomena Androginik Dalam Masyarakat Matrilineal Minangkabau.” Puitika 15, no. 2 (2019): 135–54. https://doi.org/10.25077/puitika.15.2.135--154.2019.
Syahroni, Dafik. “Kepatuhan hukum dalam Asimilasi Budaya pernikahan antar suku: Studi keluarga Amalgamasi Dayak Tomun dan Jawa di Kotawaringin Barat Kalimantan Tengah.” Masters, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim, 2023. http://etheses.uin-malang.ac.id/74485/.
Taufiq, Muhammad. Qur’anic Culture Dalam Perkawinan Adat Di Minangkabau. Uwais Inspirasi Indonesia, 2023.
Usman, Musrayani. Sosiologi Keluarga. Nas Media Pustaka, 2024.
Wati, Felia. “Tradisi Maisi Sasuduik Dalam Perkawinan Masyarakat Minangkabau: Studi Interaksi Adat Dan Hukum Islam.” As-Syar’i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga 6, no. 1 (2024): 379–99. https://doi.org/10.47467/as.v6i1.4925.
Widanarti, Herni. “Tinjauan Yuridis Akibat Perkawinan Campuran Terhadap Anak.” Diponegoro Private Law Review 4, no. 1 (June 12, 2019). https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/dplr/article/view/5107.
Yulita, Ona, Khairul Anwar, Dody Putra, Muhammad Isa, and Muhammad Yusup. “Akulturasi Budaya Pernikahan Minangkabau Dengan Transmigrasi Jawa Di Kabupaten Solok Selatan Sumatera Barat.” Ideas: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial, Dan Budaya 7, no. 2 (June 4, 2021): 1–12. https://jurnal.ideaspublishing.co.id/index.php/ideas/article/view/333
