Islamic Family Law Reform in Indonesia, Türkiye, and Tunisia: A Pierre Bourdieu Perspective
Abstract
This research is motivated by the tension between the modernization of Islamic family law and the resistance of conservative groups in Muslim-majority countries. The primary research problem examines how the sociological and intellectual backgrounds of reformist actors influence the reception and implementation of law in Indonesia, Türkiye, and Tunisia. The novelty of this study lies in the application of Pierre Bourdieu’s Social Practice Theory to dissect the dynamics of legal reform, an approach that transcends conventional textual analysis by highlighting the role of human agency. The research method is qualitative with a comparative study approach. The data corpus is derived from historical literature, the biographies of central figures such as Kartini, Rohana Kudus, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, and Habib Bourguiba, as well as formal legal manuscripts including Indonesia's 1974 Marriage Law, the Turkish Civil Code, and the Tunisian Code of Personal Status. Bourdieu's theoretical lens is used to analyze the interconnectedness between habitus (mental disposition), capital (cultural and symbolic capital), and field (the arena of legal contestation). Comparative findings indicate three primary patterns: radical secularization in Türkiye which abolished Islamic law, progressive state-led ijtihad in Tunisia that prohibited polygamy, and a gradual-dialectic in Indonesia that synthesized religious law with state administration. This study concludes that the success of legal reform depends heavily on the actors' ability to capitalize on symbolic capital to transform social habitus.
Downloads
References
Arief, Barmawi. “Respon Masyarakat Terhadap Hukum Keluarga Islam.” Hukumah: Jurnal Hukum Islam 1, No. 1 (2018). Https://Ojs.Staituankutambusai.Ac.Id/Index.Php/Hukumah/Article/View/11-20.
Azwar, Wazni. “Latar Belakang Lahirnya Undang-Undang Perkawinan Indonesia Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 (Uup).” Hukum Islam 21, No. 1 (2022): 133–51. Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.24014/Jhi.V21i1.11616.
Blackburn, Susan. Kongres Perempuan Pertama: Tinjauan Ulang. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia, 2007.
Burhanuddin, Jajat. Ulama Perempuan Indonesia. Akarta: Penerbit Pt Gramedia Pustaka Utama Bekerja Sama Dengan Ppim Iain Jakarta., 2002.
Charrad, Mounira M. States And Women’s Rights: The Making Of Postcolonial Tunisia, Algeria, And Morocco. Berkeley: University Of California Press., 2001.
Coté, J. (Terj. & Ed.). Cartini: The Complete Writings 1898-1904. Clayton, Victoria (Australia): Monash University Publishing, 2014.
Djaja, Tamar. Rohana Kudus: Riwayat Hidup Dan Perjuangannya. Jakarta: Mutiara, 1980.
Fitriyani. Roehana Koeddoes: Perempuan Sumatera Barat. Jakarta: Yayasan Jurnal Perempuan (Yjp)., 2001.
Jayudha, Irfan Agung, Dan Wawan Darmawan. “Pendidikan Bagi Perempuan Indonesia: Perjuangan Raden Dewi Sartika Dan Siti Rohana Kudus (1904-1928).” Factum: Jurnal Sejarah Dan Pendidikan Sejarah 9, No. 2 (2020): 161–74. Https://Doi.Org/10.17509/Factum.V9i2.25637.
Kahin, Audrey R. Dari Pemberontakan Ke Integrasi: Sumatera Barat Dan Politik Indonesia 1926-1998. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia, 2005.
Katz, June S., Dan Rondald S. Katz. “The New Indonesian Marriage Law: A Mirror Of Indonesia’s Political, Cultural, And Legal Systems.” Am. J. Comp. L. 23 (1975): 653.
Konstituante.Net. “Ny. Ratna Sari - Masjumi - Profil Anggota.” Diakses 5 Desember 2025. Https://Www.Konstituante.Net/Id/Profile/Masjumi_Nj_Ratna_Sari.
Md, Tia Amanda Pratiwi, Dan Hudaidah Hudaidah. “Pemikiran Kartini Mengenai Pendidikan Perempuan.” Edukatif : Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan 3, No. 2 (April 2021): 562–68. Https://Doi.Org/10.31004/Edukatif.V3i2.386.
Muamar, Afif. “Politik Hukum Pembaharuan Hukum Keluarga Islam Di Indonesia.” Inklusif: Jurnal Pengkajian Penelitian Syariah Dan Ilmu Hukum 2, No. 1 (2017): 1–14.
Muda’i, Syaiful, Dan Ulyi Amirotus Sholehah. “Sejarah Pembentukan Dan Kedudukan Uu No 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan.” Jas Merah: Jurnal Hukum Dan Ahwal Al-Syakhsiyyah 3, No. 2 (2024): 147–55.
Ni’ami, Mohammad Fauzan. “Relevansi Alasan Penolakan Umat Atas Risalah Kenabian Dengan Alasan Penolakan Masyarakat Atas Reformasi Hukum Keluarga Islam.” Al-Manhaj: Journal Of Indonesian Islamic Family Law 3, No. 2 (2021): 106–24. Https://Doi.Org/10.19105/Al-Manhaj.V3i2.4807.
Nurlaelawati, E. Modernization, Tradition And Identity: The Kompilasi Hukum Islam And Legal Practice In The Indonesian Religious Courts. Belanda: Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2010.
Perkins, Kenneth J. Tunisia: Crossroads Of Islamic And European Worlds. Routledge, 1986. Https://Www.Taylorfrancis.Com/Books/Mono/10.4324/9781003634393/Tunisia-Kenneth-Perkins.
Permana, Dede Ahmad. “Majallah Al Akhw Ā L Ash-Shakhshiyyah Dan Pembaharuan Hukum Keluarga Di Tunisia.” Jurnal Studi Gender Dan Anak,(1951), 1996, 1–18. Https://Doi.Org/10.32678/Jsga.V7i01.173.
Rachmatulloh, Mochammad Agus. “Studi Hukum Keluarga Islam Di Tunisia.” Al-Syakhsiyyah: Journal Of Law & Family Studies 2, No. 2 (2020): 307–26. Https://Doi.Org/10.21154/Syakhsiyyah.V2i2.2598.
Sjahruni, Asmah, Dkk. Setengah Abad Muslimat Nu: Menapak Jejak Sejarah Mengukir Masa Depan. Jakarta: Pucuk Pimpinan Muslimat Nu., 1996.
Sugitanata, Arif, Suud Sarim Karimullah, Dan Mohamad Sobrun Jamil. “Produk-Produk Pembaharuan Hukum Keluarga Islam Di Turki.” Familia: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga 2, No. 1 (2021): 68–87.
Tendi, Tendi. “Islam Dan Agama Lokal Dalam Arus Perubahan Sosial.” Al-Tahrir: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam 16, No. 1 (2016): 47–68. Https://Doi.Org/10.21154/Al-Tahrir.V16i1.365.
Wagianto, Ramdan, Dan Moh Sa’i Affan. “Reviewing Hak-Hak Perempuan Dalam Reformasi Hukum Keluarga Islam Di Indonesia Dan Tunisia.” Asy-Syari’ah: Jurnal Hukum Islam 8, No. 2 (2022): 81–102. Https://Doi.Org/10.55210/Assyariah.V8i2.825.
Wahib, Ahmad Bunyan. “Reformasi Hukum Keluarga Di Dunia Muslim.” Ijtihad: Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam Dan Kemanusiaan 14, No. 1 (2014): 1–19.
Wiranata, Anom, Dan S. Ma. “Perubahan Sosial Dalam Perspektif Pierre Bourdieu.” Universitas Udayana, Kuta, 2020. Https://Www.Researchgate.Net/Profile/Anom-Wiranata/Publication/344384599_Perubahan_Sosial_Dalam_Perspektif_Pierre_Bourdieu/Links/5f6ec2d892851c14bc972d56/Perubahan-Sosial-Dalam-Perspektif-Pierre-Bourdieu.Pdf.
Yushadeni, Yushadeni. “Kontroversi Seputar Pembaharuan Hukum Keluarga Islam Di Indonesia.” Al-Ahwal: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam 8, No. 1 (2015): 25–36. Https://Doi.Org/10.14421/Ahwal.2015.08102.
Zürcher, Erik Jan. Turkey: A Modern History. 1st Ed. 20171221 Ser, V. 20171221. London: I. B. Tauris & Company, Limited, 2017.
