The Legal Status of Digital Assets as Inheritance Objects from the Perspective of Islamic Inheritance Law
Abstract
The development of digital technology has transformed the concept of property ownership, including the emergence of digital assets such as cryptocurrency, NFTs, electronic wallets, and digital accounts with economic value. This phenomenon raises legal issues in Islamic inheritance law, particularly regarding whether digital assets can be classified as objects of inheritance. This study aims to analyze the legality of digital assets as objects of inheritance from the perspective of Islamic inheritance law. The method used in this study is library research with a conceptual approach through an examination of legal doctrines, principles of Islamic inheritance, and contemporary literature on digital assets. The findings indicate that digital assets may be positioned as objects of inheritance if they fulfill the elements of al-māl, namely having economic value, being lawfully owned, being beneficial, being transferable, and not contradicting sharia principles. Digital assets may also fall within the category of tirkah if their ownership, value, and access can be clearly proven. However, certain types of digital assets, particularly cryptocurrency, require careful assessment because they are highly volatile and may potentially contain elements of gharar, dharar, and qimar. Therefore, the legality of digital assets as objects of inheritance is not absolute, but depends on the validity of ownership, the clarity of the object, lawful benefit, and the possibility of technical access by the heirs.
Downloads
References
Abubakar, Fatum. “Pembaruan Hukum Keluarga: Wasiat Untuk Ahli Waris (Studi Komparatif Tunisia, Syria, Mesir Dan Indonesia).” HUNAFA: Jurnal Studia Islamika 8, no. 2 (2011): 233–64. https://doi.org/10.24239/jsi.v8i2.364.237-267.
Ahmad Muntaha AM. “Tafsir Surat An-Nisa Ayat 11.” Nuonline, 13 Januari 2021. https://islam.nu.or.id/tafsir/tafsir-surat-an-nisa-ayat-11-v7FUG.
Amsy Mutawakkil dan Hernowo Bingar. Risiko Investasi Cryptocurrency Di Era Digital Menurut Prespektif Islam. 1, no. 1 (2024).
Ananda, Firdaus Fika. “Pengaruh Perkembangan Cryptocurrency Sebagai Objek Harta Warisan Perspektif Ulama Kontemporer.” USRAH: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam 6, no. 3 (2025): 30–51. https://doi.org/10.46773/usrah.v6i3.1906.
Anggadinata, Rully Ginanjar. “Aset Tak Berwujud Dan Konsep Harta Dalam Fikih Kontemporer: Analisis Kehalalan Kripto Berdasarkan Kajian Platform.” At-Tadhmin : Journal of Islamic Financial Management 1, no. 1 (2025): 13–26.
Beni Ahmad Saebani. Fiqh Mawaris. Pustaka Setia, t.t.
Chan, Timothy. “The Nature of Property in Cryptoassets.” Legal Studies 43, no. 3 (2023): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1017/lst.2022.53.
Firyalfatin. “Status Hukum Aset Kripto dalam Islam, Bisakah Jadi Harta Waris?” Hukumonline, 19 Maret 2026. https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/a/status-hukum-aset-kripto-dalam-islam--bisakah-jadi-harta-waris-lt69bb635d83b32/?page=1.
Luthfi, Fuad, Dr Ahmadi Hasan, dan Jalaluddin. “Tantangan Dan Regulasi Dalam Pewarisan Aset Digital: Studi Perbandingan Hukum Positif Dan Hukum Islam.” Indonesian Journal of Islamic Jurisprudence, Economic and Legal Theory 2, no. 4 (2024). https://doi.org/10.62976/ijijel.v2i4.823.
Merges, Robert P. “The Concept of Property in the Digital Era.” SSRN Electronic Journal, advance online publication, 2009. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1323424.
Mirković, Predrag. “Digital Assets: A Legal Approach to the Regulation of the New Property Law Institute.” Pravo - Teorija I Praksa 40, no. suppl (2023): 17–31. https://doi.org/10.5937/ptp2300017M.
Mubarroq, Alvian Chasanal, dan Luluk Latifah. “Analisis Konsep Muamalah Berdasarkan Kaidah Fiqh Muamalah Kontemporer.” Tadayun: Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi Syariah 4, no. 1 (2023): 95–108. https://doi.org/10.24239/tadayun.v4i1.101.
Mughits, Abdul. Penerapan Prinsip at-Taradi dalam Akad-akad Muamalat. 17, no. 1 (2017): 49–61. https://doi.org/10.14421/APLIKASIA.V17I1.1377.
Muhaimin. Metode Penelitian Hukum. 1 ed. Mataram University Press, 2020. www.uptpress.unram.ac.id.
Muhammad Ali Asshoubuni. Almirats Fi Syari’atis Islamiyyah Fi Dhow’il Kitab Wa Sunah. Darul Kahfi Alami, t.t.
Putri, Novi Riyana, Tatu Amaliya Rahman, dan Syahrul Rizki Mu’aziah. “Kepastian Hukum Waris Aset Digital dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam dan Nasional.” Jurnal Ilmu Sosial & Hukum 4, no. 1 (2026): 5379–89. https://doi.org/10.61104/alz.v4i1.4032.
Ramesohl, Stephan, dan Holger Berg. Digitalisierung in die richtige Richtung lenken : Eckpunkte für Wissenschaft und Politik. 2019, 1–6.
Ridwan Safari, Femas Septiadi, Fazira Thania, dan Saiin, A. “Perdagangan Aset Kripto dalam Hukum Islam: Studi Fikih Muamālah.” JSHI: Jurnal Syariah Hukum Islam 4, no. 1 (2025). https://doi.org/10.47902/jshi.v4i1.376.
Salsabila, Nisa, Sutisna, dan Kholil Nawawi. “Penggunaan Harta Waris yang Belum di Bagi Sebagai Objek Transaksi Menurut Hukum Islam.” Rayah Al-Islam 6, no. 2 (2022): 120–30. https://doi.org/10.37274/rais.v6i2.543.
Wedy, Agus. “Refleksi Maqashid Syariah Dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Waris Digital: Menjawab Tantangan Hukum Keluarga Islam Di Era Teknologi.” Listaskunu: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam 1, no. 1 (2025): 1–11.
Yazid Muttaqin. “Hijab dalam Ilmu Waris: Definisi, Jenis, dan Contohnya.” Nuonline, 18 Juli 2018. https://nu.or.id/warisan/hijab-dalam-ilmu-waris-definisi-jenis-dan-contohnya-czrcW.
