Sinkretisme keagamaan dalam perspektif al-Qur’an dan teori fungsionalis Durkheim

Konsep dan hubungannya dengan agama

Abstract

Diversity of beliefs in the social structure of society is a necessity. However, differences in belief system affiliations in heterogeneous societies in fact give rise to social problems and phenomena. The phenomenon in question is the birth of the practice of religious syncretism in the social structure of society. This research aims to explore and elaborate on four basic questions. What is meant by syncretism?, what is the concept in the perspective of the Qur'an?, what is the concept in Emil Durkheim's functional theory?, and how it relates to religion itself are central discussions in this research. This research uses a descriptive-analysis method to explore meaning that can be obtained from the Koran and social theory books as primary sources.  Documents and other scientific articles are secondary sources for additional support in this research. The results of this research lead to 4 main points. First, syncretism is the process of mixing or merging two or more different religious belief systems. Two, the concept of syncretism in the Qur'an tends to be described as something that has a negative connotation because it aims to harmonize the nature of al-haq with the nature of al-bathil which basically has different elements and essence, besides that individuals who practice syncretism tend to be inconsistent in implementing their beliefs because they are covered in feelings of doubt in religion, apart from that the Qur'an also provides guidance on how to deal with differences in beliefs, but not through syncretic practices but teaches the principle of tolerance. Third, in Emil Durkheim's functional theory, syncretism can function as an instrument that maintains the stability of social conditions that have the potential for conflict to arise between religious communities, such as in India.  Fourth, religion and religious syncretism are interconnected in giving birth to a syncretic phenomenon of religious belief, because basically religious syncretism also originates from the teachings of the religion itself.