Landasan epistemologi ilmu

Telaah filsafat pengetahuan dalam konteks keilmuan

Abstract

Epistemology is a branch of philosophy that studies the nature, sources and limits of human knowledge. This study is the basis for understanding how humans acquire knowledge, build concepts of truth, and apply systematic thinking methods. This material discusses the concept of epistemology, various methods of obtaining knowledge, as well as the theory of truth that underlies the validity of knowledge. The methods in epistemology are deductive methods and inductive methods which play a role in the process of reasoning and developing science. This discussion also covers the main theories of truth such as correspondence which emphasizes the correspondence between knowledge and reality, coherence theory which assesses truth based on logical consistency, and pragmatic theory which measures truth based on its practical benefits. Apart from that, this discussion also reviews various epistemological schools which provide different perspectives in understanding science, such as idealism which emphasizes that reality comes from ideas, rationalism which emphasizes the role of reason in obtaining knowledge, empiricism which argues that knowledge is obtained through sensory experience, and realism which states that reality is independent of human thinking. By understanding epistemology, individuals can improve their ability to think more critically, evaluate the validity of information, differentiate facts and opinions, develop a more systematic scientific approach, and develop deeper insight into the scientific process. This study shows that epistemology not only plays a role in philosophy, but also has broad implications in the development of science and education.