Menelusuri Periode Kejayaan Fiqih: Dari Dakwah Rasulullah ke Masa Sahabat dan Tabi'in

Abstract

This article examines the historical development of Islamic jurisprudence through various significant periods, reflecting the great dynamics in the efforts of Muslims to understand and implement Sharia law. It begins with the growth period, where Prophet Muhammad SAW's preaching focused on instilling faith and morality, leading to the establishment of the Islamic state in Medina, which required practical legal regulations. In the period of the companions, the understanding of legal sources expanded, although there were differences in opinion influenced by social and environmental conditions. The period of perfection witnessed rapid advancements in the compilation of Islamic jurisprudence, while the period of decline marked stagnation due to the dominance of taqlid (blind imitation) and the loss of ijtihad (independent reasoning). Finally, during the period of revival, Muslims became aware of their weaknesses, triggering reform movements that emphasized a return to the original sources of Islamic teachings, the Qur'an and hadith, to purify Islamic jurisprudence and address contemporary challenges. This article aims to illustrate how the long journey of Islamic jurisprudence has been influenced by varying social and political contexts, and the importance of reform in understanding jurisprudence in the modern era.