Evolusi teori bermain

Dari klasik ke modern

Abstract

Play is a crucial element in the course of early childhood development, involving physical, cognitive, social and emotional aspects. This article explores the development of play theory from classical to modern perspectives, as well as the views of figures such as Froebel, Spencer, Hall, Piaget and Vygotsky. Classical theories consider play as a means of energy release or a reflection of human evolution, while modern theories emphasise the role of play in children's cognitive and social growth. The article also explains the fundamental differences between classical and modern play; traditional play usually involves simple tools and physical interaction, while modern play often utilises digital technology and virtual interaction. The stages of play development in early childhood, from observation to co-operative play, are also explained. The benefits of play for children are numerous, including enhanced creativity, social skills and the ability to regulate emotions. In addition, technology-based education in play activities was highlighted, emphasising that the use of technology should be balanced so as not to override physical activity. In this context, the role of teachers and parents is vital in optimising children's potential through innovative and fun learning methods.