Zakat dalam sistem ekonomi islam
Studi komparatif zakat fitrah dan zakat maal
Abstract
This article examines zakat from a comprehensive perspective, including zakat fitrah and zakat maal, as the two main pillars in the Islamic economic system. This research uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach, analyzing primary and secondary sources related to zakat, such as the Al-Qur'an, hadith and fiqh books. This article describes the conceptual differences between zakat fitrah and zakat maal, including timing, purpose, type of assets, and recipients. The syar'i arguments underlying the obligations of zakat fitrah and zakat maal are also analyzed. Next, the article discusses the mechanism for paying and distributing zakat, including calculating the nisab and zakat levels for various types of assets. Critical and applicable questions surrounding zakat, such as paying zakat fitrah with money, zakat obligations for those who have debt, and adjusting zakat distribution in emergency conditions, are also explored. The research results show that zakat, with proper understanding and implementation, has great potential in cleansing itself, reducing social inequality, and encouraging sustainable economic growth.
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