Perbandingan dinasti umayyah dan abbasiyah dalam membangun peradaban islam
Studi historis atas karakteristik pemerintahan dan kontribusi peradaban dua dinasti islam klasik
Abstract
This article examines two major dynasties in Islamic history— the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates— focusing on their governing characteristics and contributions to Islamic civilization. The Umayyad Caliphate (661–750 CE), centered in Damascus, is known for establishing hereditary monarchy, implementing Arabization policies, and leading vast military expansions across Europe and Asia. In contrast, the Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258 CE), based in Baghdad, promoted a more inclusive and cosmopolitan administration, emphasizing support for knowledge, science, arts, and cultural development. Using a comparative approach, the article highlights the differing foundations of both dynasties: the Umayyads prioritized military strength and centralized authority, while the Abbasids advanced intellectual and cultural progress through decentralization and openness to non-Arabs. Both dynasties played significant roles in shaping classical Islamic civilization politically, economically, and intellectually. The legacy of their achievements and eventual decline serves as a valuable lesson for contemporary Muslim societies on the importance of justice, knowledge, and inclusivity in building a flourishing civilization.
Downloads
References
Dirhamzah. (2020). Perkembangan Politik dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Masa Dinasti Bani Umayyah. Jurnal Al-Hikmah, 22(2), 80–96. https://journal3.uin-alauddin.ac.id/index.php/al_hikmah/article/view/18195
Fahruddin, M. M. (2009). PUSAT PERADABAN ISLAM ABAD PERTENGAHAN: Kasus Bayt al Hikmah. El-HARAKAH (TERAKREDITASI), 11(50), 181–197. https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/infopub/article/view/433
Febrianti, A., Andjani, A., Meisari, A. N., Raendra, F., & Ramli, S. (2024). SEJARAH ISLAM MASA DINASTI UMAYYAH : BERDIRINYA , POLA PEMERINTAHAN , EKSPANSI WILAYAH , DAN PERADABAN ISLAM. 8(12), 193–204.
Negara, H. T., Syari, F., Maulana, U. I. N., & Ibrahim, M. (2024). Sejarah Peradaban Dinasti Umayyah Yang Membangun Jembatan Peradaban Islam. 1(2), 44–49. https://repository.uin-malang.ac.id/24129/
Nunzairina, N. (2020). Dinasti Abbasiyah: Kemajuan Peradaban Islam, Pendidikan, dan Kebangkitan Kaum Intelektual. JUSPI (Jurnal Sejarah Peradaban Islam), 3(2), 93. https://doi.org/10.30829/juspi.v3i2.4382
Oktaviyani, V. E. (2018). Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Dinasti Abbasiyah Periode Pertama. JUSPI (Jurnal Sejarah Peradaban Islam), 2(2), 47. https://doi.org/10.30829/j.v2i2.1734
Putri, D. A., Putri, D. F., Amara, D., & Jambi, U. (2024). Membangun Peradapan Peran Dinasti Bani Umayyah dalam Pembentukan Sejarah Awal Islam. 8(12), 227–233.
Said, M., Fatmawati, A. D., & Amiruddin, M. (2025). The Abbasid Era and the Dynamics of Medical Science. 3(2), 203–213. https://repository.uin-malang.ac.id/23403/
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmad Firjaun Balya Barlaman
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
