Bedah Rekonstruktif dalam Telaah Pembahasan Fiqih Kontemporer

Telaah Fiqih Kontemporer terhadap Bedah Rekonstruktif dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam

Abstract

The development of modern science and technology, particularly in medicine, has led to significant advancements, including reconstructive surgery, which aims to restore bodily functions and structures damaged by congenital defects, accidents, or diseases. However, these advancements also raise ethical and legal questions within the framework of Islamic law. Contemporary fiqh seeks to reinterpret and adapt Islamic rulings to remain responsive to modern changes. Through the maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah (objectives of Islamic law) approach, medical practices such as reconstructive surgery are analyzed in light of Sharia principles. This study employs a qualitative descriptive method using library research focused on contemporary fiqh literature, scholars’ fatwas, and Islamic bioethics journals. The findings indicate that scholars distinguish between purely cosmetic surgery, which serves aesthetic purposes, and reconstructive surgery, which provides medical and psychological benefits. In contemporary Islamic jurisprudence, reconstructive surgery is classified as i‘ādah al-khalq (restoring God’s creation to its original state) rather than taghyīr al-khalq (altering God’s creation without necessity). Therefore, it is considered permissible and even recommended when it brings tangible benefits to the patient. The principles of ḥifẓ al-nafs (preservation of life), raf‘ al-ḥaraj (removal of hardship), and ḥifẓ al-‘irdh (protection of dignity) underpin its permissibility. This ruling positively impacts both medical and socio-religious fields, fostering confidence among Muslim healthcare providers and patients while upholding human dignity. Collaboration between scholars, academics, and medical practitioners is essential to ensure that Islamic law remains relevant and beneficial in the era of modern medicine.