Sejarah Peradaban Arab Pra Islam

Abstract

This study examines the conditions of pre-Islamic Arab society, also known as the Jahiliyah period, from various aspects, including politics, socio-culture, economy, ethics, and belief systems. The analysis reveals that although the society of that era is often associated with negative Jahiliyah practices, they actually possessed complex and dynamic social structures, economic traditions, and cultural values. The political system was tribal, with decentralized leadership led by a sheikh whose role was to resolve internal conflicts. Social and cultural life emphasized loyalty to the family, courage, generosity, and norms that varied across different social strata, while economic practices were dominated by trade, agriculture, and craftsmanship, connecting Arabs with other nations. Ethical conditions reflected a combination of high moral standards and widespread immoral practices. Meanwhile, the belief system evolved from the monotheistic teachings of Prophet Abraham (AS) to idol worship and animism, although the core value of monotheism was never entirely lost. This study highlights the importance of understanding the pre-Islamic period to gain a comprehensive view of the social, cultural, and economic context that shaped the emergence of Islam.