Keabsahan salat makmum: studi kasus penemuan najis oleh imam setelah salam

Abstract

This paper discusses a case in which an imam realizes the presence of impurity (najis) on his clothing only after the congregational prayer has been completed. This issue is significant because purity from impurity is one of the essential conditions for the validity of prayer, which includes the purity of the body, clothing, and the place of prayer. In this context, a legal question arises regarding the validity of the prayer of both the imam and the congregation when the impurity is discovered after the prayer, without any intentional act.The method used in this study is library research by examining the opinions of Islamic scholars as found in classical jurisprudential texts, particularly the works of Imam al-Nawawi. The findings reveal differences of opinion among scholars. The Shafi‘i and Hanbali schools of thought require the prayer to be repeated, whereas the majority of early scholars (mutaqaddimin) hold that the prayer remains valid and does not need to be repeated due to ignorance or forgetfulness.Regarding the status of the congregants’ prayer, differing views also exist. Some scholars require repetition if the impurity is visible (najis ẓāhir), but not if it is hidden (najis khafī). However, Imam al-Nawawi states that the congregants are not required to repeat the prayer in any case. In the Indonesian context, where the Shafi‘i school predominates, adopting the more cautious opinion (iḥtiyāṭ) by repeating the prayer is considered a safer approach, although concessions (rukhṣah) exist according to other opinions.This study is expected to enhance understanding of the importance of purity in prayer and foster wisdom in dealing with differences of opinion among Islamic scholars