Evaluasi higroskopisitas dan sifat alir serbuk serta granul parasetamol menggunakan metode corong, sudut istirahat, dan uji kelembaban
Abstract
Paracetamol is an active pharmaceutical ingredient widely used in solid dosage forms, but it has limitations in the form of poor flow properties and sensitivity to humidity. The hygroscopicity and flow properties of paracetamol powder or granules are important parameters that need to be evaluated because they affect physical stability, the production process, and the quality of the final preparation. This study aims to evaluate the hygroscopicity and flow properties of paracetamol powder/granules through funnel method testing, angle of repose method, and humidity test. Flow properties are determined by measuring the flow time using the funnel method and the angle of repose value formed from the pile of powder or granules. Hygroscopicity is evaluated through humidity test by observing the change in sample weight after storage at certain humidity conditions. The test results show that paracetamol powder has poor flow properties, characterized by a longer flow time and a larger angle of repose value compared to paracetamol granules. Paracetamol granules show improved flow properties due to the formation of larger and more uniform particles, thereby reducing interparticle cohesion. Moisture testing showed that both paracetamol powder and granules were hygroscopic, but the moisture absorption rate of the granules was lower than that of the powder. This indicates that the granulation process can improve the physical stability of paracetamol against the effects of humidity. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that granulation has a positive effect on reducing hygroscopicity and improving the flow properties of paracetamol, making it more suitable for use in the manufacturing process of solid dosage forms such as tablets.
Downloads
References
Al-Hakim, N. A., Ratih, H., & Sabrilla, N. (2025). Formulasi dan Evaluasi Fisik Sediaan Granul Stevia Sebagai Pemanis Alami Dengan Penambahan Polivinilpirolidon (PVP) Sebagai Pengikat. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences, 827–836.
Muliadi, R., Aspadiah, V., Malaka, M. H., & Sahriani, S. (2024). Formulasi dan Evaluasi Granul dari Ekstrak Buah Wualae (Etlingera elatior (Jack) RM Smith) Menggunakan Variasi Pengikat Na-CMC. Lansau: Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian, 2(2), 175–186.
Rahmayanti, M. (2021). Pengaruh variasi kadar pengisi laktosa dan manitol terhadap sifat fisik granul sebagai produk antara tablet effervescent ekstrak daun Senna (Cassia acutifolia). Journal Of Islamic Pharmacy, 6(2), 58–62. https://repository.uin-malang.ac.id/10176/
Rahmayanti, M. (2023). Pengembangan co-process excipient sebagai bahan pengisi halal pada pembuatan tablet cetak langsung dari kombinasi Avicel PH 101–pati biji nangka dengan teknik spray drying. https://repository.uin-malang.ac.id/17111/
Ratih, H., & Gosepa, O. S. (2024). Penanganan Permasalahan Sifat Higroskopis Pada Formulasi Sediaan Tablet. Kartika: Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi, 9(2), 72–87.
Syarifuddin, S. (2023). Potensi ekstrak biji kebiul (Caesalpinia banduc (l). Roxb) sebagai kandidat suplemen pada penyakit alzheimer. https://repository.uin-malang.ac.id/17762/
Utami, S. M., Ismaya, N. A., Ratnaningtyas, T. O., & Yunarto, N. (2022). Formulasi Sediaan Minuman Serbuk Fungsional Kombinasi Biji Jagung (Zea mays L.) dan Madu. Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia, 109–117.
Copyright (c) 2026 Wahyu Ningtyas Chusnul Chotimah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
