Hubungan tingkat tekanan darah dengan stadium retinopati diabetik pada pasien di RSU Karsa Husada Kota Batu

Studi potong lintang

Authors

  • Nahiza Nurrushodiq Program Studi Farmasi, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

Keywords:

Diabetes mellitus, diabetic retinopathy, blood pressure, holistic approach, patient quality of life

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that requires long-term management due to its potential to cause various serious complications. One of the most common complications is diabetic retinopathy, a condition characterized by damage to the small blood vessels of the retina, which can impair vision and may ultimately lead to blindness. In addition to blood glucose levels, blood pressure is frequently identified as a factor that can worsen retinal vascular damage. Therefore, blood pressure control is considered an essential component of diabetes management. This study aimed to examine the association between blood pressure levels and the stage of diabetic retinopathy among patients with diabetes mellitus at Karsa Husada General Hospital, Batu City. An analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted. Data were obtained from patients’ medical records covering the period from 2020 to 2022. A total of 32 patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Blood pressure was classified into normal, high-normal, stage 1 hypertension, and stage 2 hypertension. Diabetic retinopathy was categorized into non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Data analysis consisted of univariate analysis to describe patient characteristics and bivariate analysis using the Chi-square test. The results showed that most patients were classified as having stage 1 hypertension and were diagnosed with PDR. The Chi-square test yielded a p-value of 0.315, indicating no statistically significant association between blood pressure level and the stage of diabetic retinopathy. These findings suggest that the severity of diabetic retinopathy is influenced not only by blood pressure but also by other contributing factors. Consequently, diabetes management should be implemented comprehensively using a holistic approach.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abshori, N. F., Hasan, Y. T. N., & Baraja, S. (2024). Association Between Blood Pressure Levels and Diabetic Retinopathy Stage Among Patients At Karsa Husada General Hospital, Batu City: A Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Asian Medical Students’ Association, 11(1). https://repository.uin-malang.ac.id/21453/

Dewi, P. N., Fadrian, F., & Vitresia, H. (2019). Profil Tingkat Keparahan Retinopati Diabetik Dengan Atau Tanpa Hipertensi pada di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang. Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas, 8(2), 204–210.

Indrawan, D., Ahdi, I. R., & Rahmah, Z. (2024). COMPARISON OF EFFICACY OF TRADITIONAL AND MODERN MEDICINE IN DIABETES MELLITUS MANAGEMENT. International Journal of Society Reviews (INJOSER), 2(7), 1721–1733. https://repository.uin-malang.ac.id/19444/

Indrawan, D., Sembiring, U., Suprayitno, E., Yulianti, E. B., & Othman, M. K. B. H. (2024). Integration of holistic approaches in chronic disease management: A case study on improving the quality of life for diabetes mellitus patients through interdisciplinary approaches, patient empowerment, and utilization of cutting-edge health technologies. International Journal of Society Reviews (INJOSER), 2(2), 395–407. https://repository.uin-malang.ac.id/19167/

Kurniawan, D., Kusumardhani, S. I., Rumlawan, S. M., Amir, S. P., & Armansyah, F. (2023). Hubungan Tingkat Kadar Kolesterol Dengan Derajat Retinopati Diabetik. Fakumi Medical Journal: Jurnal Mahasiswa Kedokteran, 3(5), 366–373.

Zhang, M., Wu, J., Wang, Y., Wu, J., Hu, W., Jia, H., & Sun, X. (2023). Associations between blood pressure levels and diabetic retinopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus: A population-based study. Heliyon, 9(6).

Downloads

Published

2026-01-12

How to Cite

Nurrushodiq, N. (2026). Hubungan tingkat tekanan darah dengan stadium retinopati diabetik pada pasien di RSU Karsa Husada Kota Batu: Studi potong lintang. Maliki Interdisciplinary Journal, 4(7), 699–705. Retrieved from https://urj.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/mij/article/view/23164

Issue

Vol. 4 No. 7 (2026): JULY

Section

Articles

License

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

  • Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.