Analisis dampak sistematik sampah plastik terhadap kualitas lingkungan di indonesia

Abstract

Indonesia, the world's fourth most populous country, faces a significant increase in plastic waste, particularly from non-biodegradable household packaging. This situation triggers pollution in marine, terrestrial, and air ecosystems through the accumulation of microplastics, destruction of mangrove and coral reef habitats, and hazardous emissions such as dioxins from open burning. This study aims to examine the systemic impact of plastic pollution and its implications for economic losses estimated at Rp175 trillion per year using secondary data analysis from various national journals. The study results show a 20–30 percent decline in fish stocks, an increase in coastal erosion of up to 25 percent, and a surge in health costs due to exposure to PM2.5 particles. The application of the reduce, reuse, recycle (3R) principle has been proven to reduce waste accumulation by up to 30 percent and strengthen the development of the blue economy through PET and HDPE recycling, as well as increasing marine tourism by 35 percent. In addition, policy support such as Presidential Regulation 83/2018, Extended Producer Responsibility, plastic taxes, and strengthening waste banks are important foundations for realizing a circular economy that aligns with SDG 14.