Keanekaragaman biota akuatik dan terestrial sebagai indikator kualitas lingkungan di ekosistem perairan dan daratan
Keywords:
Biodiversity, bioindicator, environmental quality, aquatic ecosystem, terrestrial ecosystemAbstract
Biodiversity plays a crucial role in maintaining ecosystem balance and stability. Environmental quality changes caused by anthropogenic activities can affect the structure and composition of biological communities in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. This study aims to analyze the role of biodiversity as an indicator of environmental quality through a literature review approach focusing on aquatic organisms and soil fauna. The data were analyzed descriptively and comparatively by examining the relationship between diversity index, dominance, species abundance, and environmental physical-chemical parameters. The results indicate that high diversity index values generally reflect stable environmental conditions with minimal disturbance, whereas decreased biodiversity suggests ecological pressures such as pollution or land-use changes. Aquatic organisms such as macrozoobenthos and plankton, as well as soil insects in terrestrial ecosystems, are proven to be effective bioindicators in environmental monitoring. Therefore, biodiversity can serve as a scientific basis for environmental evaluation and sustainable management.
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