Beneficiary pays principle sebagai upaya hukum preventif dalam perlindungan sumber daya air berkelanjutan
Keywords:
Beneficiary Pays Principle, Water Resources, Environmental Law, Preventive Instrument, Polluter Pays Principle Approach, Spirituality, TawakkalAbstract
Indonesia's water resource crisis is increasingly alarming, marked by massive industrial exploitation that is not proportionally matched by contributions to conservation efforts. This situation underscores the urgent need for the application of the Beneficiary Pays Principle (BPP) as a preventive legal instrument that obliges those who benefit from water resources to proportionally bear the costs of their preservation. This article examines the normative foundation of BPP within Indonesia's legal system, its theoretical relevance through the lens of environmental economics and distributive justice theory, as well as its integration with the Polluter Pays Principle (PPP) as a complementary repressive instrument. Using a juridical-normative and comparative approach, this article argues that BPP holds strong constitutional legitimacy through Article 33 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution and Article 59 of Law Number 17 of 2019, and that its effectiveness will be optimal when synergized with consistent PPP enforcement and serious institutional strengthening.
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