Mudharabah perspektif fikih klasik dan implementasinya dalam ekonomi syariah
Keywords:
Mudharabah, fiqh muamalah, profit-sharing, business, shariaAbstract
Mudharabah is a form of partnership in Islamic economics based on the principle of profit-sharing between the capital provider (rabb al-mal) and the business manager (mudharib). This concept has a strong foundation in the Qur'an, the Sunnah, and the consensus of Islamic scholars, and aims to achieve justice, collaboration, and an equitable distribution of risk without the presence of usury. The objective of this study is to examine the understanding of mudharabah in classical fiqh, the views of various schools of Islamic jurisprudence regarding the mudharabah contract, as well as its application and various challenges in today’s Islamic economy. The methodology employed is a literature review involving the analysis of various sources in the fields of fiqh and Islamic economics. The findings of this study indicate that all schools of Islamic jurisprudence recognize the validity of the mudharabah contract, although there are some differences regarding business management, profit sharing, and liability for losses. In current practice, mudharabah has been applied in various Islamic banking products and financial services, such as savings accounts, deposits, business financing, and Islamic fintech services. However, its implementation still faces a number of challenges, including complexity in profit sharing, integration with the international financial system, a lack of adequate regulation, low public understanding of Islamic economics, and advancements in digital technology. Therefore, improvements in policy, transparency, technological innovation, and public education are needed so that the mudharabah contract can function effectively in supporting fair and sustainable Islamic economic growth.
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