Transformasi intelektual dinasti abbasiyah: dari perubahan sistem politik hingga keemasan sains dan kedokteran

Abstract

The Abbasid dynasty witnessed a vital transitional phase in Islamic history, marked by shifts in political views and a rapid intellectual awakening. This paper focuses on examining the relationship between the phenomenon of de-Arabization and shifts in discourse and societal mindsets at the time, particularly in the fields of science and medicine, as well as the renewal of scientific interpretation methodology. Using an intellectual history approach and a literature review, it is generally possible to demonstrate that the de-Arabization policy during the Abbasid Caliphate was primarily political-administrative in nature, thus not disrupting Arabic's position as the primary language of instruction. The government's unwavering support, through its openness to non-Arab ethnicities, particularly the Persians, successfully created a unique combination of Greek logic, Persian bureaucratic management, and Islamic theological values. This also demonstrates that this cross-cultural collaboration not only spurred progress in mathematics, astronomy, and medicine but also transformed the perspectives of scholars, particularly in interpreting the verses of the Kauniyah. This concrete evidence has confirmed that the tradition of rationalism in the Abbasid era became the main guideline for the birth of a modern scientific interpretation methodology that unites the message of revelation with empirical reasoning.