Analisis efektivitas dan keamanan sitotoksik ekstrak tanaman herbal lokal

Sebagai agen kemopreventif kanker payudara dan kolon

Abstract

Breast and colon cancers represent two malignant conditions with remarkably high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide, thereby requiring more progressive and safe therapeutic strategies. Exploration of chemopreventive agents based on local herbal plants, such as tin leaves (Ficus carica), kersen leaves (Muntingia calabura), and red jatropha roots (Jatropha gossypiifolia), stands as a strategic alternative due to their abundant active compounds. This study aims to analyze the cytotoxic efficacy and safety profiles of the extracts of these three local plants against related cancer cell lines in vitro. The evaluation was conducted through multi-stage extraction processing, phytochemical screening, and cell viability assays to assess growth inhibition parameters and selectivity indexes. Literature review results indicate that the combination of secondary metabolites in these plants is capable of triggering apoptosis and inhibiting cancer cell proliferation without causing significant toxicity to normal cells. Based on these findings, the three local plants show potential for development as sources of natural chemopreventive agents that are more selective toward cancer cells. The presence of bioactive compounds—such as flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, and terpenoids—is thought to play a role in inducing programmed cell death and suppressing cancer proliferation mechanisms. However, the efficacy and safety of the extracts require further validation through in-depth experimental testing, particularly to determine optimal concentrations, molecular mechanisms, and the degree of selectivity for cancer cells versus normal cells. Overall, these results indicate that fig leaves, Muntingia (Jamaican cherry) leaves, and red castor plant roots are potential natural candidates for developing locally sourced chemopreventive agents against breast and colon cancer.