Pemanfaatan material berbasis karbon dalam degradasi zat pencemar pada limbah cair

Abstract

Liquid waste pollution has become one of the increasing environmental problems caused by industrial, household, and laboratory activities. Various pollutants such as heavy metals, synthetic dyes, and hazardous organic compounds can reduce environmental quality and negatively affect human health. One of the widely developed methods in wastewater treatment is the use of carbon-based materials as environmentally friendly adsorbents and photocatalysts. The utilization of activated carbon-based materials as eco-friendly adsorbents has rapidly developed to overcome industrial wastewater problems. This study explores the efficiency of biodegradation and adsorption of pollutants using activated carbon derived from various biomass and waste materials activated with sodium chloride (NaCl). The chemical activation process has been proven to enhance surface porosity and increase active functional groups of carbon materials, thereby significantly improving the adsorption capacity for dyes and heavy metals. These findings indicate that the utilization of local waste materials has high potential as an affordable and efficient alternative agent for wastewater treatment.