Dialektika pilar kekuasaan dinasti utsmani: analisis transformasi institusional dari puncak kejayaan menuju keruntuhan
Keywords:
Ottoman Dynasty, Institutional Dialectics, Janissaries, Kanun, Institutional DecayAbstract
The study of the history of the Ottoman Dynasty is generally stuck in a dichotomous division between the phases of glory and decline. This article offers a new perspective by using an institutional dialectic approach to analyze how the pillars of Ottoman glory transformed into agents of institutional decay. The research method used is qualitative literature study with historical-comparative-analytical analysis. The results show that the three main pillars of glory—the integration of the law (Canon-Sharia), the Janissarian professional military, and the meritocratic bureaucracy—experienced structural rigidity and stagnation after the reign of Sultan Suleiman I. The Janissary institution mutated into an interventionist domestic threat, the bureaucracy shifted into a space of patronage and corruption, and the legal system failed to respond to political modernity. This internal decay was exacerbated by external catalysts, including the shift in the path of global geoeconomics to the Atlantic Ocean, the lagging behind of military technology towards Europe, regional competition with the Safavids, and the wave of nationalism in the Balkans. This article concludes that the collapse of the Ottomans in 1924 was not simply the result of external aggression, but the result of an accumulation of structural contradictions that failed to adapt to the changing times.
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