Analisis kandungan lemak, garam dan pigmen empedu menggunakan uji pettenkofer dan uji gmelin
Keywords:
Bile, Pigments, Pettenkofer, Gmelin, EmulsionAbstract
Bile is a fluid produced by the liver and temporarily stored in the gallbladder before being secreted into the duodenum. Bile plays a crucial role in digestion, particularly in fat emulsification, and contains various components such as bile salts, cholesterol, bilirubin, and water. This study aimed to analyze the fat, bile salt, and bile pigment content through physical properties, fat emulsification tests, the Pettenkofer test, and the Gmelin test. Qualitative chicken bile samples were analyzed. The results showed that the bile was dark green in color, had a distinctive pungent odor, and was able to emulsify oil, forming a more stable fat dispersion than the control sample without bile. The Pettenkofer test produced a purplish-red color change indicating the presence of bile salts, while the Gmelin test showed the formation of a distinctive colored ring indicating the presence of bilirubin, a bile pigment. These results demonstrate that bile contains bile salts and bilirubin pigment, which play a key role in fat digestion and the excretion of hemoglobin metabolism products. These findings support the physiological function of bile as a digestive fluid and a medium for the excretion of various compounds produced by the body's metabolism.
Downloads
References
Al-bakri, N. A., & Al-hamawandy, D. H. (2020). Morphological description and histological structure of Gallbladder in local adult chicken Gallus gallus domesticus Gallus gallus domesticus. AAJPS, 1(1), 6–11.
Gropper, S., Smith, J., & Carr, T. (2021). Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism (8th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Husain, F. S., Tey, S. L., Huynh, D. T. T., Oliver, J., Baggs, G., How, C. H., Chow, W. L., Cheong, M., Aw, T. C., Chew, S. T. H., & Tan, N. C. (2025). Aging and liver health: liver chemistries and associated factors in community-dwelling older adults. BMC Geriatrics, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-025-06329-2
Khoiriyah, I. L., Prima, D., Wikandari, R., Kimia, J., Matematika, F., Ilmu, D., & Alam, P. (2017). Pengikatan Garam Empedu oleh Bekasam Bandeng (Chanos Chanos) yang Difermentasi dengan Lactobacillus plantarum B1765 secara In Vitro In Vitro Binding of Bile Salt by Bekasam Bandeng Ferme nted by Lactobacillus plantarum B1765. Journal of Chemistry, 6(1). http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs317/en/#.
Morina, G., Masyitha, D., & Zainuddin. (2017). STRUKTUR HISTOLOGI EMPEDU DAN PANKREAS IKAN LELE LOKAL ( Claria bathracus ). JIMVET, 2(1), 30–34.
Mulyono, A. (2023). The Effectiveness of using the Biofilter made from Bidara (Sidr) to reduce the negative effects of Mice Cigarette Smoke. Iraqi Journal of Science, 64(3), 1151–1159. https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2023.64.3.11 . https://repository.uin-malang.ac.id/13343/1/13343.pdf
Prasetyo. (2019). Peran Empedu dalam Proses Pencernaan Lemak. Jurnal Gastroenterologi Indonesia, 12(2), 30–34.
Roumain, M., & Muccioli, G. G. (2025). Development and application of an LC-MS/MS method for the combined quantification of oxysterols and bile acids. Journal of Lipid Research, 66(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100697
Safitri, & Roosdiana. (2021). Biokimia Bahan Alam: Analisis dan Fungsi. Media Nusa Creative (MNC Publishing).
Shapiro, A., Anderson, J., Mtenthaonga, P., Kumwenda, W., Bond, M., Schwarz, R., Carns, J., Johnston, R., Dube, Q., Chiume, M., & Richards-Kortum, R. (2022). Evaluation of a Point-of-Care Test for Bilirubin in Malawi. Pediatrics, 150(2). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2021-053928
Shulpekova, Y., Shirokova, E., Zharkova, M., Tkachenko, P., Tikhonov, I., Stepanov, A., Sinitsyna, A., Izotov, A., Butkova, T., Shulpekova, N., Nechaev, V., Damulin, I., Okhlobystin, A., & Ivashkin, V. (2022). A Recent Ten-Year Perspective: Bile Acid Metabolism and Signaling. Molecules, 27(1983), 1–22.
Stryer, L., Berg, J., Tymoczko, J., & Gatto, G. (2019). Biochemistry (8th ed.). W. H. Freeman.
Susanti, N., Akbar, P. W., Suwondo, A. S. N., Silahudin, F., Khafiralia, M., Reviansyah, M. D. A., Syukri, N. A. A., & Mashuri, R. F. (2024). Protective Role of Clinacanthus nutans Against Liver Damage in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 20(6), 19–24. https://doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs20.6.4 . https://repository.uin-malang.ac.id/21841/1/21841.pdf
Susilowati, R., Setiawan, A. M., Zahroh, A. F., Ashari, Z. N., Iffiyana, A., Hertanto, R., Basyarudin, M., Hartiningsih, I., & Ismail, M. (2022). Hepatoprotection of Cinnamomum burmannii ethanolic extract against high-fat and cholesterol diet in Sprague-Dawley rats (Rattus norvegicus). Veterinary World, 15(4), 930–936. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2022.930-936 . https://repository.uin-malang.ac.id/10673/6/10673.pdf
Suyono. (2016). Dasar Fisiologi Manusia. EGC.
Tancharoenrat, P., Zaefarian, F., & Ravindran, V. (2022). Composition of chicken gallbladder bile. British Poultry Science, 24(4), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2022.2044451
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Rany Hilyatan Nisa, Suhaila Rahma Putri Wahdati, Mahira Ahnaf Sholihah, Nadhila Ari Agata, Salwa Salsabila
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
