Hubungan penggunaan gadget terhadap gangguan penglihatan pada remaja
Keywords:
Gadget, visual impairment, adolescents, asthenopia, eye healthAbstract
Excessive daily use of gadgets in the modern digital era has become a major trigger for visual complaints among adolescents. This literature review aims to theoretically examine the impact of duration, viewing distance, and posture of gadget usage on visual impairment. Conceptual analysis shows that constant exposure to digital screens for extended durations forces the ciliary muscles to accommodate continuously. This persistent strain triggers accommodation spasms, initially manifesting as pseudo-myopia, and poses a risk of developing into organic myopia due to axial lengthening of the eyeball during puberty. Furthermore, static gaze fixation reduces blink frequency, accelerates tear film evaporation, and induces dry eye syndrome and high-order optical aberrations. High-Energy Visible (HEV) blue light radiation from screens exacerbates this condition by triggering cellular oxidative stress in the retina and disrupting circadian sleep rhythms through melatonin suppression. This article concludes the importance of implementing independent visual hygiene, such as the 20-20-20 rule, to minimize accommodative disorders during adolescent growth.
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