Aplikasi ekstrak daun kembang sepatu (hibiscus rosa-sinensis) sebagai bio-surfaktan pada sabun padat: Analisis karakteristik saponifikasi dan mutu fisik
Keywords:
Solid bath soap, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, bio-surfactant, saponification, physical qualityAbstract
Public awareness of skin health has driven innovation in environmentally friendly cosmetic products made from natural ingredients. Hibiscus leaves (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), a local commodity, hold great potential due to their richness in saponins, which act as natural bio-surfactants and foaming agents, reducing reliance on synthetic surfactants. This study aims to design a solid bath soap formulation with the addition of hibiscus leaf extract and to analyze its saponification characteristics and physical quality based on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 3532:2016). The soap was produced using coconut oil as the base, with varying concentrations of hibiscus leaf extract. The results showed that the addition of hibiscus extract functioned as a natural emulsifier, accelerating the thickening phase (trace) without interfering with the conversion of fatty acids into soap salts. The optimized formula produced solid bath soap that was firm, resistant to softening, and had a pH value of 9, which is safe and non-irritating to the skin. Physical quality tests demonstrated excellent performance, with foam stability reaching 89.98% and a low moisture content of 11.72%, both of which comply with official SNI regulations (maximum 15%). Overall, processing hibiscus leaves into eco-friendly cosmetics shows promising industrial prospects as an effective and safe body cleansing product.
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