penerapan konsep khiyar digital: upaya meminimalisir kecewanya konsumen dalam transaksi e-commerce
Keywords:
E-commerce, justice, khiyar, consumer, muamalahAbstract
The rapid growth of trade transactions through electronic systems, or e-commerce, has provided considerable convenience for the public; however, it has also increased the risk of information unreliability, which can lead to consumer disappointment when the goods received turn out to be damaged, defective, or inconsistent with the images displayed on the online store. The main problems addressed in this study are the imbalance of bargaining power between business operators and consumers, the prevalence of misleading product descriptions and fake reviews, and the obstacles in the return process that diminish consumers' rights in online transactions. This research aims to understand and apply the concept of khiyar (the right of option) from fiqh muamalah (Islamic commercial jurisprudence) to the digital system as a preventive instrument against consumer disappointment, while also upholding fair and equal rights. The method employed is normative legal research using the statutory approach (examining legislation) and the conceptual approach (examining legal concepts). The analysis was conducted by examining key legal sources, including the Qur'an, the Hadith, the DSN-MUI Fatwa, and Law Number 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection (UUPK). Previous studies indicate that e-commerce platforms such as Shopee, Tokopedia, and Bukalapak have already implemented the concepts of khiyar 'aib (option due to defect), khiyar syarat (option by condition), and khiyar ru'yah (option upon inspection) through their return, refund, and warranty features. Nonetheless, implementation still faces challenges. due to the low level of understanding of sharia principles among users and the high logistics costs of returning goods. This study briefly proposes a formula for reconstructing digital transaction policy based on the principle of la dharar wa la dhirar (no harm shall be inflicted nor reciprocated). This principle governs how shipping costs and the costs of repurchasing or returning goods are proportionally allocated according to the fault occurring in the transaction. The aim is to establish fairness in the contract that benefits the seller, the buyer, and the courier alike.
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