Konsep zakat dalam islam
Studi pemikiran KH. Sahal Mahfudh
Keywords:
Zakat, muzakki, mustahik, social fiqh, social welfareAbstract
Zakat is one of the pillars of Islam that encompasses both a religious and a socio-economic dimension in promoting public welfare. This article aims to comprehensively examine the concept of zakat in Islam, including its definition, legal basis, functions, the requirements of muzakki (zakat payers), the types and rates of zakat, the categories of beneficiaries (mustahik), as well as its differences from infaq, hibah (gifts), and sadaqah (charity). This study employs a library research method with a descriptive-analytical approach by examining the Qur'an, Hadith, and classical and contemporary Islamic jurisprudence literature. The findings indicate that zakat serves not only as a means of purifying one's wealth and soul but also as an instrument for economic redistribution, poverty alleviation, and the strengthening of social solidarity. The distribution of zakat to the eight categories of mustahik reflects the principle of justice in Islam. Furthermore, understanding the distinctions between zakat, infaq, hibah, and sadaqah is essential to ensure that Islamic philanthropy is practiced in accordance with Islamic law and provides optimal benefits for society.
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