Kondisi alam dan sosial budaya Jazirah Arab sebelum Kedatangan Islam

Abstract

Jazirah Arab, located in the northeast of Africa and southwest of Asia, is a city of Islamic civilization. It has a long and diverse history. Before the rapid spread of Islam, the Arabian Peninsula was known as the "age of ignorance" or "jahiliyah." During this period, the Arab society was characterized by idol worship and various forms of social and cultural ignorance. The Arab society was intolerant, hostile, and prone to violence. They engaged in practices such as female infanticide, robbery, insults, and excessive drinking. Paganism was prevalent, and people worshiped idols as intermediaries to connect with God. However, despite these behaviors, the Arab society had an advanced economic system. Makkah served as a major trading hub, connecting the northern and southern trade routes. The region was inhabited by various tribes that often engaged in conflicts and criminal activities. This study aims to analyze the natural and socio-cultural conditions of Jazirah Arab before the arrival of Islam. The research method used is qualitative with a descriptive approach, relying on library research and data analysis. The findings will contribute to a better understanding of the pre-Islamic Arab society's structure and culture.