Ketentuan dan etika jual beli dalam Islam

Perpektif fikih muamalah

Abstract

This study aims to explore the provisions and ethics in the practice of buying and selling from the perspective of Islamic commercial jurisprudence (fiqh muamalah), a branch of Islamic law governing human relations in economic contexts. The background of this study stems from the critical need for a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles regulating commercial transactions in Islam, given the increasing participation of Muslims in the global economy. Using qualitative research methods and a descriptive-analytical approach, this article examines primary and secondary sources in classical and contemporary fiqh literature.The discussed material includes the conditions for the validity of buying and selling, such as mutual consent (taradhi) between both parties, clarity of the specifications of the goods and the price, and payment mechanisms that comply with Sharia. The research also highlights prohibitions against practices like riba (usury), gharar (uncertainty or speculation), and fraud, which are considered to undermine justice and balance in economic transactions. Additionally, business ethics in Islam, such as honesty, justice, transparency, and social responsibility, are emphasized as essential elements to be integrated into buying and selling practices.The findings of this study indicate that the application of provisions and ethics in buying and selling according to fiqh muamalah is not only aimed at protecting individual interests but also ensuring a fair and sustainable economy. The practical implications of this research are expected to provide guidance for Muslim business practitioners in conducting economic activities in accordance with Sharia principles and to contribute to the enhancement of Islamic economic literacy among academics and practitioners.