Dinamika Kekuasaan Absolut dan Relatif dalam Pengadilan Agama dan Mahkamah Syariah
Abstract
Courts in Indonesia function to seek justice and resolve legal issues in addition to non-litigation alternatives. Article 1 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution asserts that “Indonesia is a state based on law” with the principle of an independent judiciary. Indonesia has four types of courts: General Courts, Religious Courts, Administrative Courts, and Military Courts, with competencies regulated by Law Number 4 of 2004 on Judicial Power. Religious Courts handle Islamic civil cases as stipulated in Law Number 50 of 2009 on Religious Courts. In Aceh, the implementation of Sharia is legally regulated by Law Number 44 of 1999 and Law Number 11 of 2006, which support the comprehensive application of Sharia. The Sharia Court in Aceh is part of the national judicial system and operates independently, with the principle of Islamic personality. This research examines the dynamics of absolute and relative power in Religious Courts and Sharia Courts and their implications for justice and human rights.
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