Fiqh Mu'amalat

Definition and Views of the Four Mazhabs on Fiqh Mu'amalah

Abstract

Mu'amalah in the context of fiqh refers to all forms of social, economic and transactional interactions between individuals or groups in society. The word “mu'amalah” comes from the Arabic word meaning “action” or “relationship”. In the fiqh sense, mu'amalah encompasses all aspects of worldly life involving the exchange of goods, services, money, and legal and social relationships that are not pure acts of worship (such as prayer and fasting). Mu'amalah is an important part of Islamic teachings because it regulates interactions between human beings with practical importance in everyday life. In fiqh, mu'amalah plays a very large role in creating a fair and balanced life order. The determination of the laws of mu'amalah is based on the general principles contained in the Qur'an and Hadith, but in its implementation, there are differences in views between the four main schools of thought in Islam, namely Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, and Hambali. These differences arise due to differences in ijtihad methods. Using a qualitative research method with a literature study approach, the author analyzing each of the views of the scholars and madhhabs on the meaning and position of Fiqh Mu'amalah.