Aliran mu’tazilah mendorong penggunaan akal dalam memahami ajaran islam pada masa dinasti abbasiyah

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the development of the Mu'tazilah school, explain its main teachings, and examine its role in encouraging the use of reason during the Abbasid Dynasty. This study uses a qualitative method with a library study approach through the collection and analysis of various relevant literature sources. The results show that the Mu'tazilah is a school of Islamic theology that emphasizes rationality in understanding religious teachings. The development of this school reached its peak during the reign of Caliph al-Ma'mun who provided political support so that the Mu'tazilah became the official state school. The main teachings of the Mu'tazilah are summarized in five main principles (al-uṣūl al-khamsah), namely monotheism, God's justice (al-'adl), promises and threats (al-wa'd wa al-wa'id), the position between two positions (al-manzilah baina al-manzilatain), and amar ma'ruf nahi munkar. In its implementation, the Mu'tazilah places reason as the main instrument in understanding revelation, without ignoring the function of revelation as a guide. The Mu'tazilah's role in promoting rationality is evident in the development of intellectual traditions, scientific discussions, and the translation movement of philosophical works during the Abbasid period. Despite the controversy, the Mu'tazilah's contributions remain significant in shaping the tradition of rational thought and the development of science in Islamic civilization..