Keabsahan talak melalui pesan digital perspektif fikih kontemporer dan hukum positif indonesia
Keywords:
Digital Divorce, contemporary fiqh, Indonesia positif law, talak kitabah, validity of Divorce istinbat, Islamic law.Abstract
Digitalization has transformed Islamic family law through the emergence of talaq via platforms like WhatsApp and Instagram, thereby generating legal uncertainty in Indonesia. This literature review evaluates the validity of digital talaq across classical fiqh, modern fatwas, and Indonesian positive law. The study identifies two primary jurisprudential paths: the majority, alongside the Shafi'i madzhab, recognize digital talaq as talaq kitabah if it features explicit redacting (wording), conscious intent, and authentic proof. Meanwhile, the Maliki madzhab mandates two just witnesses, and the Zahiri madzhab rejects it totally based on QS. Al-Baqarah: 229. Conversely, Indonesian positive law (Marriage Law No. 1/1974 and KHI) explicitly invalidates digital talaq, requiring all divorces to be processed formally in the Religious Court. This study demonstrates a clear divergence: while Islamic jurisprudence focuses on material substance (intent and evidence), state regulations precisely prioritize formal procedures to ensure legal certainty and defend women's rights.
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