Perundungan di lingkungan pendidikan

Kajian multiperspektif tentang bentuk, faktor, dampak, dan upaya penanggulangannya

Abstract

Bullying in educational settings is a multidimensional issue that continues to pose a serious challenge for Indonesian education, with data from various institutions indicating a rising trend in reported cases over the years. This article aims to conduct a comprehensive, multiperspective study of bullying phenomena by synthesizing findings from eight scientific journal articles that examine the issue from legal, educational, psychological, philosophical, religious, and local cultural wisdom perspectives. The method employed is library research, involving the review, comparison, and synthesis of findings from eight sources published between 2020 and 2026. The results show that bullying manifests in various forms, including physical, verbal, social, body-shaming, and cyberbullying, shaped by the interaction of family factors, peer relationships, the school environment, media exposure, and individual characteristics. Its impacts are severe, ranging from psychological disorders to suicidal ideation in the most extreme cases. Legal protection, religious values, the roles of teachers and school counseling services, and local wisdom-based approaches have all been shown to contribute to bullying prevention and intervention, although their effectiveness remains constrained by low collective societal awareness and a culture that normalizes jokes that are, in reality, harmful to victims.