ANALISIS SPASIAL TINGKAT KERENTANAN BANJIR DI KABUPATEN KAMPAR, PROVINSI RIAU BERDASARKAN SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS (SIG)
Abstract
Flooding is a frequent hydrometeorological disaster in Kampar Regency, Riau Province, causing significant environmental and socio-economic impacts. Lowland topography, high rainfall intensity, and the presence of the Kampar River are the main factors contributing to flood occurrence in this area. This study aims to analyze flood susceptibility levels in Kampar Regency using a Geographic Information System (GIS) approach. A quantitative spatial analysis was conducted using weighted overlay techniques combined with the Geomorphic Flood Index (GFI), incorporating rainfall, slope, elevation, land use, soil type, and distance from rivers as key parameters. The results show that flood susceptibility in Kampar Regency is classified into four zones: flood-free zones, low flood susceptibility zones, moderate flood susceptibility zones, and high flood susceptibility zones. High flood susceptibility zones are mainly located in low-lying areas along the Kampar River and residential areas, while flood-free zones are dominated by upland and forested regions. This study concludes that physical land characteristics play a significant role in determining the spatial distribution of flood susceptibility. The findings are expected to support spatial planning and flood mitigation strategies in Kampar Regency.
ABSTRAK
Banjir merupakan bencana hidrometeorologi yang sering terjadi di Kabupaten Kampar, Provinsi Riau, yang menyebabkan dampak lingkungan dan sosial-ekonomi yang signifikan. Topografi dataran rendah, intensitas curah hujan yang tinggi, dan keberadaan Sungai Kampar merupakan faktor utama yang berkontribusi terhadap terjadinya banjir di daerah ini. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat kerentanan banjir di Kabupaten Kampar menggunakan pendekatan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG). Analisis spasial kuantitatif dilakukan menggunakan teknik overlay berbobot yang dikombinasikan dengan Indeks Banjir Geomorfik (GFI), dengan memasukkan curah hujan, kemiringan, elevasi, penggunaan lahan, jenis tanah, dan jarak dari sungai sebagai parameter kunci. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerentanan banjir di Kabupaten Kampar diklasifikasikan menjadi empat zona: zona bebas banjir, zona kerentanan banjir rendah, zona kerentanan banjir sedang, dan zona kerentanan banjir tinggi. Zona kerentanan banjir tinggi sebagian besar terletak di daerah dataran rendah di sepanjang Sungai Kampar dan daerah pemukiman, sedangkan zona bebas banjir didominasi oleh daerah dataran tinggi dan berhutan. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa karakteristik fisik lahan memainkan peran penting dalam menentukan distribusi spasial kerentanan banjir. Temuan ini diharapkan dapat mendukung perencanaan tata ruang dan strategi mitigasi banjir di Kabupaten Kampar.
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